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Key facts
- High levels of blood glucose are a result of diabetes mellitus, also known as diabetes.
- Diabetes arises when insulin production is inadequate or the body develops a resistance to it.
- Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and frequent urination.
- Various types of diabetes exist, such as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
- Management of diabetes involves lifestyle adjustments and the use of medications.
- Complications of diabetes can include heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.
- Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for managing diabetes effectively.
- A healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for managing diabetes.
- People with diabetes should work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, also referred to as diabetes, is characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose.
The regulation of blood glucose is through insulin, which transfers glucose from the blood to cells for energy.
In the absence of insulin, glucose levels remain high, leading to hyperglycemia.
Additional Information about Diabetes Symptoms
Other common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, constant hunger, blurred vision, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, and dry, itchy skin.
It’s important to note that uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and even blindness.
If you experience any of these symptoms or have concerns about your risk for diabetes, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management.
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes glucose, a type of sugar that is a crucial source of energy. The main cause of diabetes is either the pancreas not producing enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or the body not properly using the insulin it produces (Type 2 diabetes). Risk factors for developing diabetes include genetics, being overweight or obese, and leading a sedentary lifestyle.
In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin. On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and being overweight. Gestational diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to handle the increased glucose levels during pregnancy.
Regardless of the type, diabetes requires careful management through medication, healthy eating, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Untreated diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and nerve damage.
When should I see my doctor?
If concerned about symptoms or issues related to diabetes, consult a medical professional or seek help at a healthcare facility if feeling unwell.
Regular assessment by a doctor for type 2 diabetes risk and monitoring blood glucose levels during pregnancy is essential.
Find a health service using the Service Finder tool.
How is diabetes diagnosed?
Diagnosis of diabetes is generally through symptom evaluation and blood glucose tests, including fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests.
Gestational diabetes screening is part of routine prenatal care for pregnant women.
Urgent testing
In the case of suspected diabetes, healthcare providers may conduct blood glucose and urine tests to confirm the diagnosis and provide urgent treatment as necessary.
Ask your doctor questions using the Question Builder for guidance.
How is diabetes managed?
Effective management of diabetes involves lifestyle modifications and medication, requiring collaboration among healthcare professionals such as doctors, endocrinologists, educators, dietitians, and podiatrists.
Frequent blood sugar monitoring is crucial for proper management.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes necessitates insulin replacement through injections, pumps, or pens to regulate blood glucose levels.
Healthy eating habits and physical activity aid in glucose control.
Type 2 diabetes
Initially, lifestyle changes may manage type 2 diabetes, progressing to medication if needed to reduce risks of heart and kidney diseases.
Your doctor may recommend tablets or insulin to maintain blood glucose levels within the desired range.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes control involves dietary adjustments and physical activity, escalating to medication if lifestyle modifications prove insufficient.
Regular monitoring and check-ups are imperative.
Living with diabetes
Healthcare professionals advocate lifestyle adjustments, regular health assessments, and blood tests to monitor blood glucose control and kidney function.
Psychological support is also crucial.
In addition to these recommendations, it is important for individuals living with diabetes to maintain a healthy diet, engage in regular physical activity, and take prescribed medications as directed by their healthcare provider. Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, staying hydrated, and getting enough sleep are also key components of managing diabetes effectively.
What are the complications of diabetes?
Diabetes may lead to systemic complications, impacting physical and mental well-being both in the short and long term.
Diverse resources are accessible to minimize the risk of complications.
Can diabetes be prevented?
Access information, resources, risk calculators, and support services for preventing type 2 diabetes at Diabetes Australia.
Embracing healthy habits, managing weight, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can mitigate the risk of diabetes.
Some other important ways to prevent diabetes include regular physical activity, eating a balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, monitoring blood sugar levels, and maintaining a healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Educating yourself about diabetes, staying informed about the latest research and developments in diabetes prevention, and seeking advice from healthcare professionals can also help in preventing diabetes effectively.
Resources and support
Explore resources, risk calculators, and support services at Diabetes Australia. Engage in diabetes management programs offered by FootForward and KeepSight Australia.
If needed, contact the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria) for assistance, where a registered nurse is available round the clock.
**Source:** Last reviewed in December 2024
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Methods
National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Updated on September 30, 2022. Accessed on November 1, 2022. Link to source
Prevalence of Prediabetes Among Adults
National diabetes statistics report, 2022. Updated on September 30, 2022. Accessed on November 1, 2022. Link to source
This information is offered by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), which is part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK shares and spreads research discoveries to enhance awareness and understanding of health and illness for patients, medical professionals, and the general public. All content created by NIDDK undergoes thorough evaluation by NIDDK experts and scientists.
NIDDK expresses gratitude to the following individuals:
Daniel Bessesen, M.D., from the University of Colorado;
Domenico Accili, M.D., from Columbia University