Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may manifest in adults and children alike, with a resemblance to type 1 diabetes. These symptoms may include frequent urination, increased thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of wounds.
Individuals over the age of 40, of white ethnicity, or over 25 from specific ethnic backgrounds, with a family history of diabetes, overweight, lack of physical activity, or other health conditions such as high blood pressure, are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It is important for individuals with these risk factors to undergo regular screenings for diabetes.
While less common in children, risk factors for type 2 diabetes in younger individuals include ethnic background, weight, activity levels, and family history. It is essential for parents and caregivers to be aware of these risk factors and monitor children for any signs or symptoms of diabetes.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
- Concerned about type 2 diabetes in yourself or your child?
- At higher risk of type 2 diabetes?
Since not everyone displays symptoms, testing becomes essential.
Check your risk
- Try Diabetes UK’s Know Your Risk tool.
- Opt for a free NHS health check if aged 40-74 and in good health.
Overall assessment aimed at determining health risks.
How type 2 diabetes is diagnosed
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes involves a blood test to measure glucose levels.
Confirmation of type 1 or type 2 diabetes through appropriate testing.
If you’re told you have type 2 diabetes
If diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, seek guidance from your healthcare team.
If you’re diagnosed with prediabetes
Prediabetes indicates elevated glucose levels, signaling a risk for type 2 diabetes development.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Some tips for managing prediabetes include:
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, biking, or swimming.
- Maintaining a healthy weight through portion control and mindful eating.
- Monitoring your blood sugar levels regularly and following up with your healthcare provider.
Find out more
Enroll in courses to expand your knowledge on type 2 diabetes and receive support.
More in Type 2 diabetes
Last reviewed: 10 February 2025
Next review: 10 February 2028
Different methods for diagnosing diabetes typically involve repeated testing.
Testing must be conducted in a healthcare environment and may vary based on glucose levels.
The A1C test measures average blood glucose levels, with a diagnostic threshold of 6.5%.
Other diagnostic tests for diabetes include fasting plasma glucose test, oral glucose tolerance test, and random plasma glucose test.
It is important to follow up with healthcare providers for further evaluation and management if test results indicate diabetes.
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
A fasting blood glucose test indicates a level of 126 mg/dl for a diabetes diagnosis.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
The OGTT assesses blood glucose levels before and after consuming a sugary drink.
The diagnostic threshold for diabetes is set at 200 mg/dl.
Random (also called Casual) Plasma Glucose Test
A random blood test at any time can confirm diabetes if glucose levels exceed 200 mg/dl.
This test is often used to quickly diagnose diabetes without the need for fasting. It is especially useful in emergency situations where immediate treatment may be necessary. However, for a more accurate diagnosis, fasting plasma glucose tests or oral glucose tolerance tests are usually recommended.
What is Prediabetes?
Prediabetes serves as a precursor to type 2 diabetes, with higher glucose levels.
Symptoms
Prediabetes may present without clear symptoms, underscoring the importance of routine testing.
A1C, fasting blood glucose, and OGTT levels are indicative of prediabetes.
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
Early management of prediabetes can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Weight loss and regular exercise can lower the risk by up to 58%.
Diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes are diagnosed through blood tests in healthcare settings.
Over-the-counter testing tools are not sufficient for diabetes diagnosis.
It is important for individuals with prediabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals to monitor and manage their condition.
Dietary changes, such as reducing sugar and refined carbohydrate intake, can also help prevent the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.
Who should be tested for diabetes?
Testing is crucial for individuals displaying diabetes symptoms or having risk factors.
Medicare coverage may extend to testing costs for individuals with specific risks, aiding in early detection.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed in children and young adults based on symptoms or family history.
Free testing for relatives of type 1 diabetes patients is available through TrialNet.
Type 2 diabetes
Routine testing is recommended for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes.
Take the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test for assessing type 2 diabetes risk.
Repeat testing every 3 years for adults and children with normal diabetes test results.
Content used by permission from The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
For more information, visit the official website of RACGP – The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
Point of care testing (PoCT) Pathology Tests Explained
When blood tests are conducted, blood samples are taken for analysis in laboratories to assist in medical assessments and treatments.
For further information, visit the Pathology Tests Explained website.
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations on diabetes testing and management.
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