Categories
Prevention of diabetes

Understanding Normal Blood Sugar Levels

eAG, or estimated average glucose, provides an estimation of blood sugar levels over a period of 2 to 3 months based on the results of the A1C test.

Understanding your eAG helps in monitoring blood sugar levels over time and effectively managing diabetes.

Normal blood sugar levels typically range between 70 to 130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider to determine your target blood sugar levels based on your individual health needs.

Consistently high or low blood sugar levels can lead to serious health complications, so it is essential to regularly monitor and manage your blood sugar levels to maintain good health.

Additional Information

It is recommended for individuals with diabetes to aim for an A1C level below 7% to lower the risk of long-term complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage.

Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels through A1C testing and eAG calculations can help individuals with diabetes manage their condition more effectively and prevent complications.

It is important to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized diabetes management plan that includes monitoring blood sugar levels, following a healthy diet, staying physically active, and taking medications as prescribed.

By staying informed about your A1C and eAG levels, you can take control of your diabetes and improve your overall health and well-being.

Understanding Your eAG Readings

The normal range for eAG is between 70 – 126 mg/dL (A1C: 4 – 6%). It is recommended to aim for an eAG lower than 154 mg/dL (A1C < 7%) to reduce the risk of diabetes complications.

eAG may not align with average day-to-day blood sugar tests as it is based on A1C results. Various external factors can impact eAG readings.

Other medical conditions and medications can influence the relationship between A1C and eAG.

Alternative Names

In addition to its common name, this article may refer to the subject by other names such as synonyms or variations in spelling. This section provides additional information on alternative names for the subject.

References

References:

Review Date 5/12/2023

Updated by: Sandeep K. Dhaliwal, MD, board-certified in Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Springfield, VA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A. D.A. M. Editorial team.

It is important to regularly review and update medical information to ensure accuracy and relevance. Board-certified physicians like Dr. Sandeep K. Dhaliwal play a crucial role in providing updated and reliable information in specialized fields such as Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism.

Medical directors like Dr. David C. Dugdale oversee the accuracy and quality of medical content, working alongside editorial directors like Brenda Conaway to deliver trustworthy healthcare information to the public. The A. D.A. M. Editorial team further collaborates to ensure that the content meets the highest standards of medical accuracy and clarity.

Related MedlinePlus Health Topics

Health Content Provider 06/01/2028

A. D.A. M., Inc. is accredited by URAC for Health Content Provider (www.urac.org).

Mark Kearney, BHF Professor of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research at the University of Leeds, explains the importance of knowing blood sugar numbers.

Monitoring your blood sugar levels is crucial for managing diabetes. Normal blood sugar levels typically fall within the range of 80-130 mg/dL before meals and below 180 mg/dL after meals. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider to establish your target blood sugar range based on your specific health needs.

Factors such as diet, exercise, medication, stress, and illness can all affect blood sugar levels. Keeping track of your levels through regular monitoring can help you make adjustments to maintain optimal health.

If you have diabetes, it is vital to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a personalized diabetes management plan that includes monitoring your blood sugar levels, taking medications as prescribed, following a healthy diet, and staying physically active.

What’s on this page

What are blood sugar levels?

Glucose, or sugar, provides cells with energy derived from consumed food and drinks.

Insulin aids in absorbing glucose from the blood after meals for energy production.

Blood sugar levels experience daily fluctuations, while the HbA1c test measures average levels over a span of 3 months.

Why do your blood sugar levels matter?

If the body lacks sufficient insulin to regulate sugar intake, blood sugar levels increase, leading to health complications if left unmanaged. Monitoring blood sugar levels is crucial for individuals with diabetes to prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney problems, and nerve damage.

Want to get fit and healthy?

Subscribe to the Heart Matters newsletter for healthy recipes, activity tips, and expert advice on managing your overall health. Taking control of your blood sugar levels through healthy eating, regular physical activity, and medication can help you live a longer, healthier life.

Should I have my blood sugar checked?

Symptoms of diabetes may include increased thirst, hunger, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and blurred vision. If experiencing these symptoms, get tested.

What are normal blood sugar levels?

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels before and after meals is vital. High blood sugar can result in health issues that require careful monitoring.

Interested in reducing your risk of heart attack?

Join our live Q&A session for tips on reducing risk, a personal experience story, and insights from a BHF-funded scientist.

How do I reduce my blood sugar levels?

Lower blood sugar levels through a balanced diet, limiting added sugars, and engaging in regular exercise for long-term benefits.

  • Learn more about maintaining a balanced diet.
  • Monitor your carbohydrate intake, as they have the biggest impact on blood sugar levels.
  • Incorporate more fiber-rich foods into your diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Avoid sugary drinks and opt for water or unsweetened beverages instead.
  • Get moving! Regular physical activity can help lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels is important for individuals with diabetes in order to track their blood sugar control and make necessary adjustments to their treatment plan. A higher HbA1c level indicates poor blood sugar control, which can increase the risk of diabetes-related complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage.

In addition to the HbA1c test, it is also important for individuals with diabetes to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels at home using a glucose meter. This can provide more immediate feedback on how food, physical activity, and medication affect blood sugar levels on a day-to-day basis.

It is recommended for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to set personalized HbA1c targets and develop a comprehensive diabetes management plan that includes regular physical activity, a healthy diet, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, and taking medications as prescribed.

Should I get a continuous blood sugar monitor?

Blood sugar monitors help track levels throughout the day, supporting diabetes management and overall health and well-being.

Continuous glucose monitoring provides insights into how blood sugar responds to food, although it is not meant for diagnostic purposes.

Meet the expert

An introduction to Professor Mark Kearney, clinical cardiologist and British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research at the University of Leeds.

Comprehending blood glucose test results, knowing when to test, and effectively interpreting and responding to the results is crucial.

Regularly monitoring your blood sugar levels is essential for diabetes management. Understand the numbers as a way for your body to communicate with you, and analyze the results for necessary lifestyle or medication adjustments.

What is a normal glucose level:

Diabetes Canada recommends an A1C target below 7%. Aim for blood glucose levels of 4-7 mmol/L before meals and 5-10 mmol/L after meals. Consult your healthcare provider to determine suitable target ranges based on factors like age and medication.

It is important to monitor your blood glucose levels regularly to ensure they stay within the target range. Factors such as diet, exercise, medication, and stress levels can all impact your blood sugar levels. It is also recommended to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to assess your overall diabetes management and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

If you start the day with a fasting test:

A fasting blood glucose test measures overnight levels and liver function, setting the tone for the day and aiding in understanding glucose patterns.

If you test 2 hours after meals:

Post-meal blood glucose levels reflect the impact of your meal plan. Monitor levels 2 hours after eating, aiming for 5-10 mmol/L. Adjust your diet based on the results.

If your glucose is low, take action right away:

While fluctuations in glucose levels are normal, monitor for hypoglycemia when levels drop below 4 mmol/L. Recognize and effectively manage the symptoms.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include sweating, shaking, dizziness, hunger, irritability, and confusion. It is important to treat low blood sugar promptly by consuming fast-acting carbohydrates such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or soda. Follow up with a snack or meal containing protein and carbohydrates to stabilize blood sugar levels.

If you experience severe symptoms such as loss of consciousness or seizures, seek immediate medical attention. It is essential to have a plan in place for managing low blood sugar episodes, including informing family members, friends, or coworkers about your condition and how to assist you in case of an emergency.

Track your highs and lows:

Keeping a record of your results helps identify patterns and adjust your lifestyle. Recognize when levels are off and take proactive steps for effective diabetes management.

Empowering yourself in your diabetes care allows you to achieve targets and enhance your overall well-being.

Reference:

Reference: Ali Imran S, Agarwal G, et al. Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada.

Monitoring your blood sugar levels is crucial for effective diabetes management and reducing complications. Stay informed about your levels to safeguard your health.

Topics covered:

What are blood sugar levels?

Blood sugar levels indicate the concentration of glucose in your blood, influenced by food intake and insulin. Regular monitoring is essential for effective diabetes management.

Can I check my own blood sugar levels?

Methods like finger-prick tests and continuous glucose monitors aid in monitoring blood sugar levels. Understanding these tools and their importance is crucial for diabetes management.

Why test blood sugar levels?

Regular blood sugar checks, especially with specific medications like insulin, are necessary for effective diabetes management. Monitoring levels helps understand your body’s response to treatments and lifestyle choices.

How to check your blood sugar levels

Continuous glucose monitors

CGMs offer a convenient way to continuously monitor blood sugar levels without frequent pricking. Learn about the significance of CGMs in diabetes management.

Finger-pricking

Finger-prick tests provide immediate blood sugar level readings. Understand the correct procedure for accurate results and effective diabetes management.

Blood testing meters

Choosing the right blood glucose meter is crucial for accurate readings. Seek guidance from your healthcare team to select a suitable meter.

Finger-prick devices and lancets

Finger-prick devices and lancets

Proper use of finger-prick devices and lancets is essential for accurate blood sugar testing. Adhere to guidelines for reliable results.

Test strips

Test strips play a crucial role in blood sugar testing. Ensure an adequate supply of test strips compatible with your meter for effective monitoring.

How to do a finger-prick test

Follow the recommended steps for a finger-prick test to obtain accurate blood sugar readings. Proper testing procedures are essential for effective diabetes management.

  • Wash your hands with soap and warm water. Avoid wet wipes as glycerine can interfere with the test result. Ensure your hands are warm for easier blood extraction.
  • Insert a test strip into the meter to turn it on. Some meters have built-in test strips.
  • Prepare the finger prick device by replacing the lancet, setting the device, and placing the cap back on.
  • Select a finger to prick, avoiding the thumb, index finger, and too close to the nail. Press the plunger against the side of your finger. Use a different finger and area for each test.
  • Hold the test strip against the blood drop with the meter to check if the strip is filled.
  • After checking the reading, stop bleeding with a tissue, remove and dispose of the lancet, and note down the result.
  • Use the tissue to remove and dispose of the test strip, which usually turns off the meter.

HbA1c test

Along with regular blood sugar level testing, undergo an annual HbA1c blood test. This test showcases your average blood sugar levels over three months, aiding you and your healthcare team in tracking patterns over time.

Comprehending your HbA1c results is crucial, as a high level indicates elevated blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of diabetes complications. Regular testing enables necessary adjustments to reduce complications.

Obtain more information on the HbA1c test and result interpretation.

Make a note of your readings

Maintain a record of your readings in a diary, notebook, phone calendar, or through meter software or a diabetes app. Reviewing results with your healthcare team helps in determining treatment adjustments.

What are healthy blood sugar levels for my target range?

Here are general blood sugar level targets for adults with diabetes. Individual targets may vary.

Define your ideal blood sugar range for optimal well-being. Targets are individualized based on factors such as diet and activity levels. Seek guidance from your healthcare team to determine personalized targets.
Blood sugar levels fluctuate throughout the day and are measured in mmol/l.
Follow the recommendations below to establish your target range:
– For individuals with type 1 diabetes:
– Before meals: 4 to 7mmol/l
– After meals: 5 to 9mmol/l
– For individuals with type 2 diabetes:
– Consult your healthcare team for personalized blood sugar targets as recommendations vary.
– For pregnant individuals:
– Fasting: under 5.3mmol/l
– One hour after meals: under 7.8mmol/l
– If unable to check within one hour: aim for under 6.4mmol/l
– Maintain levels above 4 mmol/l
Discuss specific targets with your healthcare team for a healthy pregnancy.
In case your blood sugar drops below 4 mmol/l, watch out for hypoglycemia symptoms and seek immediate help to prevent further decline.
Educate yourself on hypoglycemia symptoms and appropriate responses.
Elevated blood sugar levels could be unnoticed but may result in hyperglycemia symptoms if excessively high. Symptoms vary and can include increased urination, thirst, headaches, and fatigue.
Familiarize yourself with hyperglycemia symptoms and take preventive measures to avoid complications.