Around 90% of people with diabetes are affected by type 2 diabetes. Symptoms may not be clear, and some individuals can live with it for up to a decade before being diagnosed. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of the risk factors associated with diabetes.
Evaluate your risk using our Know Your Risk tool or qualify for a free NHS Health Check for preventive measures.
Risk factors increase as individuals age. Those over 40, or over 25 for certain ethnicities, are at a higher risk. Moreover, having a family history of diabetes can also increase the risk.
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among individuals of South Asian, African-Caribbean, or Black African descent.
Know Your Risk
Determine your risk of developing type 2 diabetes quickly. This simple step could be crucial today.
Prior to using the risk assessment tool, have your waist size, height, and weight measurements ready.
Diabetes information in other languages
Access various resources in languages other than English, including diabetes-related information.
Other type 2 diabetes risk factors
Smoking
Smoking is connected to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Explore support services available to assist in quitting smoking.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes affects pregnant women in the second or third trimester. Monitor blood glucose levels regularly after pregnancy to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Promote weight management, healthy eating, and physical activity to decrease the risk of gestational diabetes.
Heart attack or stroke
Heart disease and type 2 diabetes have common risk factors. Some individuals may discover they have diabetes after experiencing a heart attack or stroke.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) raises the risk of type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance. Follow NICE recommendations for regular testing and monitoring of glucose levels.
Mental health conditions
Mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Seek advice from healthcare professionals for proper management.
Medications may lead to weight gain, highlighting the importance of managing weight through healthy eating and physical activity.
Sedentary lifestyle
Living a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Include light activity throughout the day to combat sedentary behavior.
Alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Adhere to current guidelines for alcohol intake to reduce risks.
Sleep
Disrupted sleep patterns can also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes. Ensure you get enough sleep of good quality to lower the risk.
Are you eligible for an NHS Health Check?
Individuals over 40 face an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and other conditions. Eligible individuals in England aged 40 to 74 can receive a free NHS Health Check for personalized health advice.
Symptoms of diabetes are similar in adults and children, but type 1 diabetes usually develops more rapidly and is more common in younger individuals.
Type 2 diabetes symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. It can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure blood glucose levels after fasting or after consuming a sugary drink.
Who is more likely to get type 2 diabetes
Some individuals have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes based on factors such as age, ethnicity, family history, weight, activity level, and other health conditions.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
If you suspect you have type 2 diabetes, or are at high risk, seek medical evaluation as not everyone shows symptoms.
Check your risk
Use Diabetes UK’s Know Your Risk tool or opt for a free NHS Health Check to assess your risk and receive guidance for prevention.
How type 2 diabetes is diagnosed
Diagnosing type 2 diabetes usually involves a simple blood test, called the A1C test, which measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. A reading of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes. Other tests that may be used include fasting blood sugar test and oral glucose tolerance test.
Once diagnosed, it is crucial to seek appropriate medical advice and develop a treatment plan that may include medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels. Early detection and management of type 2 diabetes can help prevent serious complications and improve overall health.
If you’re told you have type 2 diabetes
Coping with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes may seem overwhelming, but a healthcare team can provide support and guidance on treatment.
It’s important to remember that type 2 diabetes is a manageable condition, and with the right lifestyle changes and treatment plan, you can live a healthy and fulfilling life. Your healthcare team will work with you to create a personalized plan that may include dietary changes, exercise, medication, and regular monitoring of your blood sugar levels.
In addition to medical support, there are also resources available to help you cope with the emotional aspects of living with diabetes. Support groups, online forums, and counseling services can provide valuable support and tips for managing stress and anxiety related to your diagnosis.
Remember, you’re not alone in this journey. With the right support and a positive attitude, you can successfully manage your type 2 diabetes and prevent complications in the future.
If you’re diagnosed with prediabetes
Prediabetes indicates a heightened risk of diabetes in the future. Most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not show symptoms initially.
Talk to your care team about how improving your diet, physical activity, and lifestyle habits can help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
It’s important to monitor your blood sugar levels regularly and make healthy choices to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein, as well as incorporating regular exercise into your routine.
Your healthcare provider may recommend medications or other interventions to help manage your prediabetes and prevent it from progressing to diabetes. It’s important to follow their recommendations and stay proactive in managing your health.
Find out more
Participate in courses to learn more about type 2 diabetes and get support for yourself, family, or caregivers.
Education is key in managing type 2 diabetes. By taking courses, you can learn more about the condition, how to properly manage it, and how to make healthier lifestyle choices. These courses can also provide valuable support for not only yourself, but also your family members or caregivers who may be involved in your diabetes care.
Don’t hesitate to sign up for courses and programs that can help you on your diabetes journey. The more you know and the more support you have, the better equipped you will be to live a healthy and fulfilling life with type 2 diabetes.
More in Type 2 diabetes
Last reviewed on: 10 February 2025
Next review: 10 February 2028
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce insulin, known as an autoimmune condition. Conversely, type 2 diabetes arises from inadequate insulin production or ineffective insulin usage.
While 8% of individuals with diabetes have type 1 diabetes, 90% are affected by type 2 diabetes. Regardless of the type, accurate information, treatment, and support are crucial for management.
It’s important to note that type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, especially those who are overweight or have a sedentary lifestyle. Making lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and monitoring blood sugar levels can help manage type 2 diabetes effectively.
Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes differences
Learn about the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including the causes, symptoms, and treatment methods.
Understanding the distinctions between the two types of diabetes is essential for effective management of the condition.
Are there different risk factors for type 1 and type 2?
Research is ongoing to uncover the risk factors for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, such as genetic predispositions, age, and lifestyle factors.
Risk factors for type 1 and type 2 diabetes vary significantly, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention.
Type 1
Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at any age, but is more prevalent in individuals under 40. In contrast, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age and varies based on ethnicity.
Type 2
Your ethnicity, age, and lifestyle choices can impact your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Awareness and proactive measures can help reduce this risk.
It is important to note that family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes, and certain medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome can also increase the risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms of type 1 and type 2
Recognize common diabetes symptoms, including frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and slow wound healing.
- Experiencing symptoms of diabetes requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications.
It is important to note that the symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be quite similar, but there are some key differences. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and is often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity.
In addition to the symptoms mentioned above, other signs of diabetes may include blurred vision, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, and recurring infections.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management of diabetes. Early detection and treatment can help prevent serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage.
The emotional impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Coping with the emotional impact of living with diabetes can be challenging. Seek support from others facing similar experiences to help manage the psychological aspects of the condition.
Listen to our podcast on diabetes stigma for firsthand accounts from individuals living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Can type 1 or type 2 be cured or prevented?
Ongoing research aims to find a permanent cure for diabetes, while advancements in treatment offer hope for managing and potentially reversing the condition.
Medical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and weight management strategies can help individuals with type 2 diabetes achieve remission.
Diabetes leads to high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production or utilization, resulting in various health complications.
There are three main types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, each requiring tailored management approaches.
Symptoms of diabetes
Diabetes symptoms arise from elevated blood glucose levels, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications.
Recognizing the signs of diabetes and seeking medical advice promptly can improve outcomes and quality of life.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production, often associated with obesity and age. Lifestyle modifications and proper management can help control the condition.
Treating type 2 diabetes
Managing type 2 diabetes involves dietary adjustments, physical activity, and, in some cases, prescribed medications. Weight loss measures can even reverse the condition in the early stages.
In addition to diet, exercise, and medications, monitoring blood sugar levels regularly is also crucial in managing type 2 diabetes. This can help individuals understand how their body responds to different foods and activities, making it easier to make necessary adjustments to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
It is also important for individuals with type 2 diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals, such as doctors and dietitians, to create a personalized management plan. This may include regular check-ups, medication adjustments, and lifestyle changes to effectively manage the condition and prevent complications.
Complications of type 2 diabetes
Diabetes can lead to severe complications affecting vision, kidney function, and limb health. Regular screenings and preventive measures are essential for managing the long-term effects of diabetes.
Preventing type 2 diabetes
Reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modifications such as weight management, healthy eating, and physical activity is key to prevention.
Living with type 2 diabetes
If you have type 2 diabetes, you can control symptoms by making changes that reduce complications. Signs include feeling thirsty, passing more urine, and feeling tired. These occur when glucose remains in your blood and isn’t used for energy. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, genital itchiness, slow-healing wounds, and blurred vision. Type 1 diabetes symptoms develop quickly, but type 2 symptoms are mild and may go undiagnosed for years.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or when cells don’t respond to insulin. This leads to high blood glucose, called hyperglycemia, from factors like overeating or ineffective medication. Hyperglycemia causes symptoms like extreme thirst and frequent urination.
Hyperglycaemia
Type 2 diabetes happens when the pancreas cannot maintain normal blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin. The gland produces insulin to move glucose for energy, but this process can be impaired.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include age, genetics, weight, and ethnicity. Age increases the risk due to weight gain and decreased activity. Maintaining a healthy weight, proper diet, and regular exercise help prevent diabetes.
Genetics
Genetics play a pivotal role in determining the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Having close family members with the condition increases the chances of getting it. Individuals who are overweight with a BMI over 30, especially around the waist area, are at higher risk. Monitoring waist size can help identify obesity that poses a high-risk factor.
Certain ethnic groups have a higher predisposition to type 2 diabetes, with South Asians having up to six times the risk compared to the general population. Complications may manifest at an earlier age for these individuals. Abdominal obesity further elevates the risk, leading to the development of severe conditions like heart disease.
Elevated blood glucose levels, known as pre-diabetes, increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. Reversing pre-diabetes is possible with weight loss, healthy eating habits, and regular physical activity. Women who have gestational diabetes also face an increased risk.
Over time, type 2 diabetes progresses and may necessitate the use of medication to effectively control glucose levels. Metformin is commonly prescribed as the initial treatment option, reducing glucose release from the liver and enhancing insulin sensitivity without causing weight gain.
As lifestyle changes may not always suffice to manage blood glucose levels, medication becomes essential in some cases. Depending on the severity of the condition, either tablets or injections may be recommended.
SGLT2 inhibitors aid in glucose excretion through urine, benefiting individuals with type 2 diabetes and cardiac issues. Available in tablet form, these inhibitors come with a higher risk of infections. It’s crucial to halt the medication if dehydration occurs and consult a healthcare provider immediately.
GLP-1 agonists mimic the hormone GLP-1 to stimulate insulin production without the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly beneficial for individuals with cardiac complications. Administered via injections, these medications help regulate blood glucose levels effectively.
Insulin treatment may be necessary if glucose-lowering tablets are ineffective. Insulin must be injected as it would not be effective if taken orally, due to breakdown in the stomach. Proper training from a diabetes care team is crucial to learn how to inject insulin correctly and manage its storage and disposal.
In cases of hypoglycemia with insulin or certain tablets, mild episodes can be managed with quick-acting carbohydrates followed by longer-acting options for stabilizing blood glucose levels. Severe instances may require immediate medical attention.
For individuals with type 2 diabetes, the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications is higher. To manage these risks, healthcare providers may prescribe different medications like anti-hypertensives and statins.
Routine blood glucose level monitoring, including the HbA1c test every two to six months, is essential for individuals with diabetes. Home monitoring and lifestyle adjustments are also crucial factors in controlling blood glucose levels.
Unchecked diabetes can lead to various health issues due to high glucose levels damaging blood vessels, nerves, and organs. Controlling blood glucose levels effectively reduces the risk of complications associated with the disease.
Regular foot examinations are vital to prevent foot ulcers caused by nerve damage in diabetic patients. Preventive measures can help avoid serious infections and complications.
Erection problems in men with diabetes can be treated with medications, while vaginal dryness in diabetic women can be managed with lubricants. It’s important to address these issues promptly to maintain a good quality of life.
Pregnant women with diabetes have a higher risk of complications during pregnancy. Close monitoring and specialized care throughout the pregnancy period are crucial to ensure a healthy outcome for both mother and child.
Diabetics are at a heightened risk of foot problems due to poor circulation and nerve damage. Proper foot care, including regular examinations, is key to preventing severe complications.
Periodic eye screenings are recommended for individuals with diabetes to detect retinopathy early. Left untreated, eye issues can progress and lead to vision loss, highlighting the importance of regular eye check-ups.
Planning for pregnancy with diabetes requires tight control of blood glucose levels to ensure a healthy pregnancy. Consult your diabetes care team for guidance and support throughout the process.
Structured patient education programs play a significant role in managing diabetes effectively. Local programs offer valuable information and support to individuals dealing with the disease.
Joining a diabetes support group can provide essential peer support for individuals with diabetes. Local organizations host support groups specifically for diabetics seeking guidance and encouragement.
Diabetic individuals with complications may be eligible for disability benefits. Exploring benefit options with a specialist can help in understanding the available support for managing the condition.
Though diabetes may impact driving privileges, restrictions are typically manageable for most individuals. Insulin users should adhere to DVLA guidelines regarding driving to ensure safety on the road.
During illness, following “sick day rules” is crucial for managing insulin effectively. Reach out to your healthcare team for tailored advice and support during periods of illness.
To maintain stable blood sugar levels during illness, it’s essential to stay hydrated, continue consuming solid foods, and monitor ketone levels if blood sugar remains high. Seeking advice from healthcare professionals is important for managing any concerns or symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.
To explore suitable support services in your area, consider using the Telecare Self-Check online tool. This user-friendly resource provides information on telecare services that facilitate independent living at home.