- Exercise regularly to help maintain a healthy weight and improve insulin sensitivity.
- Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly and follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations.
- Aim to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
- Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins in your diet.
It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or a dietitian to create a personalized plan that fits your needs and lifestyle. They can provide guidance on managing diabetes through diet, exercise, medication, and monitoring blood sugar levels.
Remember that diabetes management is a lifelong commitment, but with the right tools and support, you can lead a healthy and fulfilling life despite your diagnosis.
Other types of diabetes
In addition to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there are other less common types of diabetes that can occur:
- Gestational diabetes: This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after childbirth. However, women who have had gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY): This is a rare form of diabetes that is inherited and usually diagnosed in younger individuals.
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): This type of diabetes is a slow-progressing form of autoimmune diabetes that is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes at first.
- Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD): People with cystic fibrosis have a higher risk of developing diabetes due to pancreatic insufficiency.
- Steroid-induced diabetes: Some people develop diabetes as a side effect of taking corticosteroids for other medical conditions.
It is important to work with a healthcare provider to accurately diagnose the type of diabetes and develop a personalized treatment plan.
Symptoms of diabetes
The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.
Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:
- Seek medical assistance if you experience symptoms of diabetes.
If you are unsure, reach out for help by calling 111 or for children under 5 years old.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if you or your child:
- Be aware of the increased risk of diabetes.
Remember that not everyone may exhibit signs of diabetes, so being proactive is crucial.
Causes of diabetes
Diabetes occurs due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Managing diabetes involves adopting healthy habits such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight maintenance.
Pre-diabetes (non-diabetic hyperglycaemia)
Prediabetes raises the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme offers support to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
It is important for individuals with pre-diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and make lifestyle changes to lower their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This can include eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as engaging in regular physical activity.
Treatment for diabetes
Treatment for diabetes varies based on the type of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes typically requires insulin injections and regular glucose monitoring to manage blood sugar levels. It is important for individuals with type 1 diabetes to carefully monitor their blood sugar levels and adhere to a strict insulin regimen to prevent complications.
On the other hand, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can often be managed through lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. In some cases, medication may also be prescribed to help control blood sugar levels.
It is important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that meets their individual needs and helps them effectively manage their condition.
Long-term complications of diabetes
Diabetes can lead to various health complications, including heart issues, kidney disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and gum disease. Proper management of blood glucose levels is essential to reduce the risk of complications.
Other complications of diabetes
In addition to the mentioned complications, diabetes can also increase the risk of stroke, foot problems, skin conditions, and sexual dysfunction. It is crucial for individuals with diabetes to work closely with healthcare providers to prevent and manage these complications.
In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, whereas type 2 diabetes is not autoimmune. Type 1 diabetes is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, while type 2 diabetes is more commonly diagnosed in adults. Both types require careful monitoring and management of blood sugar levels, but treatment approaches may vary.
Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes differences
The key distinctions between type 1 and type 2 diabetes lie in insulin deficiency for type 1 and insulin inefficiency for type 2. The causes and management approaches for these two types of diabetes are different.
Are there different risk factors for type 1 and type 2?
Research is ongoing to identify risk factors for diabetes. While genetics play a role in type 1 diabetes, other factors contribute to type 2 diabetes.
Type 1
Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age. It is believed that autoimmune factors, genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers may all play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes.
Type 2
The risk factors for type 2 diabetes increase with age and ethnicity. In addition to genetics, lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity can significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. By adopting healthy habits, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight, individuals can manage their risk effectively and potentially prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms of type 1 and type 2
Common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, chronic fatigue, unintended weight loss, genital issues, delayed wound healing, and blurry vision. Symptoms may vary, and some individuals with type 2 diabetes may not experience noticeable symptoms for years.
The emotional impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Diabetes can have emotional effects on individuals. Support services are available to assist in managing diabetes.
Listen to our diabetes podcast on stigma featuring Jim, who lives with type 1 diabetes, and Nicki, who lives with type 2 diabetes.
Can type 1 or type 2 be cured or prevented?
Currently, there is no permanent cure for type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Research is focused on screening for type 1 diabetes risk and developing new treatments to delay its onset in at-risk individuals. Some individuals with type 2 diabetes may achieve remission by losing weight, and research projects are underway to improve treatment and find a cure for both types of diabetes.
The symptoms of diabetes are similar in adults and children and may progress gradually. While type 1 diabetes typically develops more rapidly and is common in younger individuals, it shares similarities with type 2 diabetes.
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
While type 2 diabetes may not have a permanent cure, it can often be prevented through lifestyle changes. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can all help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Regular screenings and monitoring of blood sugar levels can also aid in early diagnosis and management of the disease.
Who is more likely to get type 2 diabetes
Certain individuals are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, particularly those who are white, over 40 years old, have a family history of diabetes, are overweight and sedentary, or have conditions like high blood pressure. In children, ethnic background, weight, activity levels, and family history can also increase the risk.
Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include having a history of gestational diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, being diagnosed with prediabetes, and having a low level of HDL cholesterol or high level of triglycerides. Additionally, individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease or stroke are also at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
- If you suspect you have type 2 diabetes or are at a higher risk, consult a healthcare professional as not all individuals display symptoms.
Utilize tools like Diabetes UK’s Know Your Risk tool or undergo a free NHS health check to determine your risk level and receive guidance on preventive measures.
How type 2 diabetes is diagnosed
Diagnosing type 2 diabetes involves a blood test to assess blood glucose levels. Test results usually take a few days to confirm the type of diabetes present.
If you’re told you have type 2 diabetes
Following a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, consult with your healthcare team to address concerns and explore treatment options. Health professionals will provide guidance and support throughout your diabetes management journey.
It is important to work closely with your healthcare team to create a personalized diabetes management plan that includes regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, making healthy lifestyle choices such as eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly, and taking medications as prescribed. Managing type 2 diabetes requires a multi-faceted approach and it is crucial to stay informed and engaged in your own care.
If you’re diagnosed with prediabetes
Prediabetes indicates higher-than-normal blood glucose levels that are not yet at diabetic levels, increasing the risk of future diabetes. Making lifestyle changes such as healthier eating habits and regular exercise can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Find out more
Enroll in educational courses to expand your knowledge of type 2 diabetes and receive support for yourself, your family, or caregivers.
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Page last reviewed on: 10 February 2025
Next review due: 10 February 2028